AU-(African Union)><(European Union)-EU

AU /African Union

Lybia:

• African Union (AU)
• Arab League
• Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• (Arabic-speaking, unstable situation, rich in resources)

Morocco:

• African Union (AU)
• Arab League
• Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• (French-speaking & Arabic, strong diaspora, economically stable)

Mauritania:

• African Union (AU)
• Arab League
• Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• (French-speaking, Arabic, member of the Arab League)

Sudan:

• African Union (AU)
• Arab League
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
• (Arabic & English, transitional state with conflicts)

Tunisia

• African Union (AU)
• Arab League
• Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• (French-speaking, well-educated population, tourism)

Western Sahara* (Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic)

• Disputed territory
• Recognised as a member by the African Union
• Claimed and partially controlled by Morocco
• (claimed by Morocco, largely not under sovereign control)
• (not sovereign, claimed by Morocco – limited project opportunities)

🌴 West Africa

Benin:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• (French-speaking, stable, member of ECOWAS)

Burkina Faso:

• African Union (AU)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• Note: Burkina Faso left ECOWAS in January 2024.
• (French-speaking, currently unstable, but with a young population)

Ivory Coast (Côte d’Ivoire):

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• (French-speaking, strong economic growth, ECOWAS)

Gambia:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
• (English-speaking, small but politically stable)

Ghana:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
• English-speaking, democratically stable, good infrastructure)

Guinea:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• (French-speaking, rich in natural resources, undergoing political transition)

Guinea-Bissau:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
• (Portuguese-speaking, small, weak institutions)

Cape Verde

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
• (Portuguese-speaking, island nation with diaspora, tourism)

Liberia

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
• English-speaking, post-conflict, many young people)

Mali:

• African Union (AU)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• Note: Mali left ECOWAS in January 2024.
• (French-speaking, unstable but rich in culture)

Niger:

• African Union (AU)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• Note: Niger left ECOWAS in January 2024.
• (French-speaking, security critical but with development potential)

Nigeria:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
• (English-speaking, largest GDP in Africa, huge youth population)

Senegal:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
• (French-speaking, stable, growing interest in education)

Sierra Leone:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
• (English-speaking, peaceful, growing young entrepreneurship)

Togo:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
• (French-speaking, small but stable, growing education sector)

🌾 Central Africa

Equatorial Guinea

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• (Spanish & French, rich in natural resources, authoritarian government)

Gabon:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
• (French-speaking, rich in natural resources, high urbanisation)

Cameroon:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
• (bilingual: French & English, culturally diverse)

Congo (Republic of the Congo):

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
• (French-speaking, small economy, urban centres such as Brazzaville)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC):

• African Union (AU)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• (French-speaking, great potential, many development needs)

Central African Republic:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• (French-speaking, unstable, many NGOs active)

São Tomé and Príncipe:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
• (Portuguese-speaking, island nation, peaceful, development opportunities in education)

Chad:

• African Union (AU)
• Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
• Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
• (French-speaking, landlocked, high poverty rate)

🌿 East Africa

Burundi:

• African Union (AU)
• East African Community (EAC)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• (French-speaking & Kirundi, small, keen interest in education)

Djibouti:

• African Union (AU)
• Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• (French & Arabic, strategically important due to its ports)

Eritrea:

• African Union (AU)
• Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
• (Tigrinya & Arabic, politically isolated, hardly any international projects)

Ethiopia:

• African Union (AU)
• Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• (Amharic & English, large population, dynamic)

Kenya:

• African Union (AU)
• East African Community (EAC)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
• (English & Kiswahili, innovative, tech & education hub)

Comoros:

• African Union (AU)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• (French-speaking & Arabic, island nation with high migration pressure)

Madagascar:

• African Union (AU)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• (French & Malagasy, high environmental awareness, isolated location)

Malawi:

• African Union (AU)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• (English & Chichewa, rural, education-friendly)

Mauritius:

• African Union (AU)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• (English & French, stable, economically strong for the region)

Mozambique:

• African Union (AU)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• (Lusophone, many educational initiatives possible in rural areas)

Rwanda:

• African Union (AU)
• East African Community (EAC)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• (English, French & Kinyarwanda, pioneer in education and IT)

Seychelles:

• African Union (AU)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• (English & French, high level of education, tourism-oriented)

Somalia:

• African Union (AU)
• Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
• (Somali & Arabic, fragile situation, diaspora-based commitment to education)

South Sudan:

• African Union (AU)
• East African Community (EAC)
• Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
• (English, young country, high demand for education and infrastructure)

Tanzania:

• African Union (AU)
• East African Community (EAC)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• (English and Kiswahili, stable, agricultural education useful)

Uganda:

• African Union (AU)
• East African Community (EAC)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
• (English, young population, many refugees and NGOs)

Zambia:

• African Union (AU)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• (English, peaceful and open to development partnerships)

🏜️ Southern Africa

Angola:

• African Union (AU)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP)
• (Lusophone, rich in natural resources, need for education outside cities)

Botswana:

• Region: Southern Africa
• African Union (AU)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• (English, politically stable, solid governance)

Eswatini (formerly Swaziland):

• Region: Southern Africa
• African Union (AU)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• (English & Siswati, monarchy, open to projects)

Lesotho:

• Region: Southern Africa
• African Union (AU)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• (English & Sesotho, mountainous, closely linked to South Africa)

Namibia:

• Region: Southern Africa
• African Union (AU)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• (English & Afrikaans, good infrastructure, peaceful)

South Africa:

• African Union (AU)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• BRICS
• (English & many others, industrialised, high inequality)

Zimbabwe:

• African Union (AU)
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
• (English and Shona, economically difficult, but many well-educated people)

EU-(European Union)

EU Member States with information on their membership of international organisations, official languages and ethnic groups.

Country	EU accession	Schengen	Eurozone	EFTA	EEA	NATO	Official languages	main ethnic groups
Belgium	1958	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Dutch, French, German	Flemish, Walloon
Bulgaria	2007	yes	no	no	yes	yes	Bulgarian	Bulgarians, Turks, Roma
Denmark	1973	yes	no	no	yes	yes	Danish	Danes
Germany	1958	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	German	German
Estonia	2004	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Estonian	Estonians, Russians
Finland	1995	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Finnish, Swedish	Finns, Swedes
France	1958	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	French	French
Greece	1981	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Greek	Greeks
Ireland	1973	no	yes	no	yes	yes	English, Irish	Irish
Italy	1958	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Italian	Italian
Croatia	2013	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Croatian	Croats, Serbs
Latvia	2004	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Latvian	Latvians, Russians
Lithuania	2004	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Lithuanian	Lithuanians, Poles, Russians
Luxem-bourg	1958	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Luxem-bourgish, French, German	Luxem-bourgers, Portug-uese
Malta	2004	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Maltese, English	Maltese
Nether-lands	1958	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Dutch	Dutch
Austria	1995	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	German	Austrian
Poland	2004	yes	no	no	yes	yes	Polish	Poland
Portugal	1986	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Portuguese	Portuguese
Romania	2007	yes	no	no	yes	yes	Romanian	Romanians, Hungarians, Roma
Sweden	1995	yes	no	no	yes	yes	Swedish	Sweden
Slovakia	2004	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Slovak	Slovaks, Hungarians
Slovenia	2004	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Slovenian	Slovenians, Croats
Spain	1986	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	Spanish (Castilian), Catalan, Basque, Galician	Spanish, Catalans, Basques, Galicians
Czech Republic	2004	yes	no	no	yes	yes	Czech	Czechs, Slovaks
Hungary	2004	yes	no	no	yes	yes	Hungarian	Hungary, Roma
Cyprus	2004	no	yes	no	yes	yes	Greek, Turkish	Cypriots (Greek and Turkish)

🌍 European countries outside the EU

European countries outside the EU, including their relations with the EU, international memberships, official languages and ethnic groups.

Country	EU accession	Schengen	Eurozone	EFTA	EEA	NATO	Official languages	Main ethnic groups
Albania	Candidate	no	no	no	no	yes	Albanian	Albanians, Greeks
Andorra	no	no	yes	no	no	no	Catalan	Andorran
Armenia	no	no	no	no	no	no	Armenian	Armenian
Azerbaijan	no	no	no	no	no	no	Azerbaijani	Azerbaijani
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Candidate	no	no	no	no	no	Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian	Bosniaks, Croats, Serbs
Georgia	Candidate	no	no	no	no	no	Georgian	Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis
Iceland	no	yes	no	yes	yes	yes	Icelandic	Icelanders
Kosovo	Potential	no	no	no	no	no	Albanian, Serbian	Albanians, Serbs
Liechtenstein	no	yes	yes	yes	yes	no	German	Liechtenstein
Moldova	Candidate	no	no	no	no	no	Romanian	Moldovans, Ukrainians, Russians
Monaco	no	no	yes	no	no	no	French	Monegasques
Montenegro	Candidate	no	yes	no	yes	yes	Montenegrin	Montenegrins, Serbs
North Macedonia	Candidate	no	no	no	no	yes	Macedonian	Macedonians, Albanians
Norway	no	yes	no	yes	yes	yes	Norwegian	Norwegian
Russia (RUS)	no	no	no	no	no	no	Russian	Russians, Tatars, Bashkirs
San Marino	no	no	yes	no	no	no	Italian	San Marinese
Switzerland	no	yes	no	yes	no	no	German, French, Italian, Romansh	Swiss
Serbia	Candidate	no	no	no	no	no	Serbian	Serbs, Hungarians, Roma
Turkey	Candidate	no	no	no	no	yes	Turkish	Turks, Kurds
Ukraine	Candidate	no	no	no	no	no	Ukrainian	Ukrainians, Russians
United Kingdom	no	no	no	no	no	yes	English	British, Scottish, Welsh, Northern Irish
Vatican City	no	no	yes	no	no	no	Latin, Italian	Vatican